With the continuous development of optical fibre network communication business, the role it plays in people's daily life and operations is becoming more and more significant. With its advantages of fast propagation speed, large information capacity and strong anti-interference ability, fiber optic network technology occupies a dominant position in telecommunication network communication and provides guarantee for the development of contemporary communication engineering. This paper firstly introduces optical fibre network technology and its structure, and on this basis, describes the current situation of the application of optical fibre network communication technology, analyses the various advantages of optical fibre network technology, and introduces its key technical applications. Finally, the application prospects of optical fibre networks in communication engineering technology are presented. In order to provide a reference for the future related technical personnel to study the fiber optic network communication engineering technology.