This paper systematically outlines the basic functions and operational mechanisms of distribution network automation and conducts an in-depth analysis based on China's current development status. The article points out that under the dual drivers of policy promotion and technological progress

China has established a relatively complete framework for distribution network automation. However

regional development imbalances and insufficient levels of intelligence remain prominent challenges. In the section on key technology analysis

the article explores three aspects: communication and information interaction

intelligent sensing and monitoring

and distributed power sources and self-healing control

revealing the challenges faced by distribution grids in terms of multi-source access

information security

and self-healing capabilities.