Big data technology plays a crucial role in the informatization construction of civil engineering. This study aims to systematically analyze its application value

core challenges

and optimization strategies. By establishing a research system of "problem diagnosis-theoretical framework-solutions"

it reveals the current bottlenecks. It then proposes targeted solutions such as the construction of an all-domain data resource system

the development of intelligent decision-making applications

and the establishment of an integrated collaborative platform

and empirically verifies their effectiveness.